Used graphics cards
Previously owned GPUs, including cards removed from workstations and servers. Prior use alone does not mean a card has been refurbished or tested.
Refurbished GPUs
Ask what was inspected, serviced or repaired and request test results. Refurbished does not automatically mean manufacturer-certified or covered by a warranty.
Modified / high-VRAM GPUs
Aftermarket memory upgrades and other hardware modifications are separate from refurbishment. Confirm the actual VRAM, firmware and compatibility.
Ex-corporate hardware, off-lease & liquidation lots
Possible sources include IT asset disposal (ITAD), data-center decommissioning, lease returns and business liquidation sales. Government or police-seized asset auction lots need documents proving lawful ownership and resale rights. These are source categories, not claims of available stock.
Before buying in bulk
Ask about mining history, repairs, quantities, serial numbers, tests and return terms. Ex-mining GPUs and faulty cards sold for parts or repair must be identified clearly; provenance is not a condition grade.
